Nervous System Disorders

What is central nervous system?

Central nervous system of human consists of the brain and spinal cord that are both protected in the three ways 

The first ways is the 

Cranium  

Cranium  is a part of skull that protect  the brain and the neural arches. The brain and spinal cord are also protected by triple layers of the meninges. The cerebrospinal fluid similar in the concentration to the blood plasma bathes the neurons of the brain and spinal cord and it cushions against the bumps and jolts. Both brain and the spinal cord are hollow in its inner sphere. The spinal cord has central canal and brain has many cavities filled by C S F that are also between the meninges.

Peripheral nervous systems

Peripheral nervous system comprises of the sensory neurons and the motor neurons that can form ganglia and the nerves. Ganglia are the concentrations of the cell bodies of neurons. The nerves are the bundles of the axons or dendrites, bounded by connective tissues.

 Nervous disorders in humans bodies

Following are more common diseases of nervous systems in human bodies.

Alzheimer s disease

Alzheimer s disease was early described by the Alois  Alzheimer in 1907. It is mentioned by the decline in the brain function. 

Symptoms

Its symptoms are similar to those disorders which results dementia. There is a genetic pre disposition to the disease in some people so it tends to run in next families. There is also evidence that high levels of aluminium can contribute to the one set of this disorders. There is also decline in brain function with age limit.

Parkinson s disorder 

Parkinson s disorder is a nervous disorder, characterized by the involuntary tremors, diminished motor power and rigidity. The mental faculties are not affected. The disease is believed to be caused by cell death in brain area that develops dopamine. One set of disease is usually in 50 s and 60 s. The disorder is slowly progressive the patient can live for many years. The disorder can result by head trauma.

 Effective drugs are available such as L-dopa. A naturally occurring protein called glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor has been shown to boost uptake of dopamine when delivered to lab rats and monkeys. G D NF may be used in near future for humans in the treatment of this disease.

Epilepsy 

Epilepsy is one of the convulsive disease of nerves which are mentioned by abrupt transient signs of the motor sensory psychic or also autonomic nature, frequently associated with alters in the consciousness. These alters are belied to be secondary to sudden transient alterations in brain functions associated with excessive rapid electric discharges in the gray matter.

Age limits         

 The one set of the epilepsy is commonly before the age of 30 years old. Later age one set suggests organic disorders. In some patients, emotional disturbances play a important trigger role. Anticonvulsant  drugs are being used for this purposes. Alcohol aggravates epilepsy, so persons suffering from epilepsy should avoid from drinking of alcohol.

Our bones and their function

 

What is human bone?

Human bone is the hard and rigid  structure.  Hunan bone is made up of the connective tissue.Bone is also made up of the colleen fiber are strict and hardened by deposit of calcium phosphate. Our bones are consists of the compact bone with spongy bone.

Parts of the bones

There are two parts of the bones.

1-Compact bone 

2-Spongy bone

Compact bone 

Compact bone is dense and strong and also surrounded an attachment place for muscles.

Spongy bone

Spongy bone is a less high  rich  in blood vessels and also extremely porous and cavities of spongy bone posses bone marrow  where blood cells are  prepared

Type of bone cells which make bones of humans are three types as shown below.

Osteoblast

Osteocyte

Osteoclast

The first cell Osteoblast is bone forming cell. The second cell Osteocyte is the mature bone cell and  the third from of the cell is Osteoclast which is bone dissolving cells.

Process of development of the bones 

There are following steps in the process of the bone developments.

First of all in the development of the bone when bone is replacing  cartilages tissues the osteoblast invade and also dissolve the cartilaginous. In the second step osteoblast is replaced it with the bone. In the third step as bone grows the matrix of bone is hardened and  the osteoblasts are commonly entrapped in it.

Where bone occur

There are more sites in which our bones occur but the largest bone of our body is bone of the ran and the smallest bone of our body is the bone of the our ear. In human bones are divided by two parts first part is the Axial skeleton and the second part is the Apendicular skeleton. In our body bones are present in different parts of the body such as the legs, arms, hands, vertebra, in foots, face.

Axial skeleton

Axial skeleton includes totally fifty five bones which are present in the skull vertebrae, ribs and the sternum.

Skull

It includes cranium and facial structures.

Vertebral column 

Vertebral column  extends from the skull to the pelvis to from backbone that protects the spinal cord.

Rib cage

It involves of the twelve pairs of the ribs which articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.

2-Appendicular skeleton

Appendicular skeleton includes three types of bones like pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle and also appendages

Joints are also parts of our bones they occur where two bones meet to each others. Our joints provide support to our bones and we can walk with the help of bones and their joints and also we can movie from one place to another through these bones and the joints.

Types of the joints 

There are three types of joints as shown below.

Fibrous joints

Cartilaginous joints

Synovial joints 

Synovial joints  is further classified into the hinge joint and Ball and socket joint.

Hinge joint

Hinge joint are those joint types of joints which only allow movements in two directions. These joints are present in our elbow and knew.

Ball and Socket joint 

Ball and Socket joint  are those joints that allows the movements in all the directions.These joints are present in the  hip joint and shoulder are ball and the socket joint.

Urinary balladeer function and disease

 

What is urinary bladder?

Urinary bladder is organ of urination. It plays an important rule in the excretion of wastes from our body. It is vital organ for the excretion of wastes. In the process of excretion following structures are involved as given below.

Pair of kidney

Pair of ureter

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Now we will discus the structure of each organs by one by one.

Pair of kidney

Our body posses  the pair of kidney.The left kidney is uper and right kidney is lower than lift kidney. Our kidneys filter the blood and waste product is removed through urethra.

Pair of Ureter

Human body posses the pair of ureter. These are tubes which are connected to the kidneys and their ends are connected to the urinary bladder. They receive  urine from kidney and transfer it to the urinary balladeer.

Urinary bladder

Human body posses a muscular organ called as urinary bladder. It stores urine temporary and then remove it through the urethra. Urinary balladeer is a hollow organ ureter takes urine and transfer it in to the urinary balladeer other wise it is a hollow organ.  Urinary bladder is reservoir for the storage of the urine. The total urine storing capacity to store urine is about 600 ml at a time.But when 3 to 4      ml urine store urge start to urination. if urine is equal to 600  ml then urinary balladeer undergoes to involuntary control.

 Location of urinary bladder

The position of the urinary bladder depend upon its emptiness or stored. If it is empty and relax then it is located in the pelvic cavity. And if it is filled with urine then it spread in to the abdomen.

Shape of urinary bladder

Its shape also depend upon the emptiness or stored if it is empty and their is not any urine in it then it looks like a bear. If it is fill with the urine then its shape is balloon like so its shape and location depend upon or vary according to the the emptiness or stored.  Here some walls are present which are voluntary and involuntary for excretion of the waste urine.

There are followings structures in the human urinary balladeer.

Trig one 

Trig one is a structure formed by the orifices present in the urinary bladder. The two orifices are located in the lower of ureter and one orifices located at the mouth opening of urethra. All these three orifices form a triangular shape called as trig one.  

Walls of bladder

Bladder walls are composed three types of the tissues 

from which these are prepared  we will discus them by

 one by one.

Outer layer 

It is prepared by lose connective tissue and its uper side is covered by peritoneum. So uper layer is called as peritoneum.

Content

It posses blood vessels.

It posses nerves.

And also posses lymph.

Middle layer 

Middle layer is made up of the  muscles so it is called muscular layer and it is made up of the smooth muscles and elastic tissue. It is made by elastic muscle so it is called as ditreouses muscles.  When we void (pass of urination) then this muscle contract and urine pass away out of the body. These muscles remain relax when ureter receive urine from kidneys and transfer it to the urinary balladeer. So it remain relax when urine is being filled in urinary balladeer.

In er layer mucous

The inner layer is made up of the mucous so it is called as mucous. This layer makes folds in its its inner side. These folds occur when urinary balladeer remains relax  or when   it is empty. When this is filled with urine then these folds disappears because when urine enter in this layer then     these folds expend and fluid is stored in it.  

Blood supply

Blood is supplied to the urinary balladeer through vesicle arteries.

Heart function and disease by Madduki

 

What is heart?

Heart is vital organ of body and it play an important function of transporting of blood  through out of the body. For the transport of blood in our whole body there are nerves called as blood vessels. Those blood vessels which carry blood towards the hearts are called as veins and those blood vessels which carry blood away from the blood is called as arteries. 

Superior vanacava

And a large pipe which is called as superior vanacava transport the blood to uper wards of head and hand and lower pipe called as inferior venacava transport the blood to the lower part of the body like as abdomen and foot.

Structure of heart 

Our heart weight is about human wrist but its small structure play an important rule in the transporting of the blood through out the blood and it is more below towards the lift lungs. And it is surrounding by double walwe called as pericardium.

Heart walwes

Our heart is separated by two walwes with the help of a wall called cardiac septum Our heart right part posses de oxygenated blood and lift part posses oxygenated blood. The wall (cardiac septum) separates their oxygenated and de oxygenated blood from the mixing to each other. Our heart is situated between our lungs.There are four chamber of our hearts as shown below. There are four parts of our body as given below.

Right atrium

Lift atrium

Right ventricle

Lift ventricle

Proses of oxygenation of blood

The blood coming from these parts of our bodies  enter in the right atrium of our heart and this blood is de oxygenated there is a walve in the below of right atrium called tricuspid walve and this walve open only when right ventricle spread.There are four walve of this type in our body and these walve stop the extra flow of our blood and these are

Pulmonary wall

Trans cupid walve

Aortic walve

Lungs rule

When right ventricle spread then blood from uper right atrium comes in to right ventricle when this ventricle back contract the blood and in this way the blood from pulmonary artery and then enter in to the lungs where carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is added in it now this oxygenated blood through pulmonary vein enter in to the left atrium and this blood does not go to the left ventricle until does not spread and there is also walve when left atrium contract this blood enter into the left ventrium through this wall. 

Aorta

Then this blood enter in to a the called as aorta. Aorta transport the blood through out the blood with the help of the arteries. Aorta is the largest artery of our body.  After the transport of oxygenated blood in to our body the de oxygenated blood is then enter in to the right atrium and in this way this cycle continue.

Heart disease

Coronary arteries transport blood to our heart and some times a condition occur due to which these arteries are blocked and blood passing through them stooped  and in this cause following symptoms are occur 

1-Chest pain 

2-Breathing problem

3-Heart attack

This disease occur when patient eat more cholesterol and proteins foods are due to over stress and taking over weight.  

Cholesterol foods

This condition occur when coronary arteries are blocked and blood cannot pass through them and this condition occur due to two reason first of all eating more cholesterol things and the second one is the injury in the coronary arteries in this time the blood passing through these aeries start accumulating in this area and in this way it is blocked and blood cannot pass through these arteries and as result these arteries are blocked and they cannot transport the blood through out the body.

Heart attack

 And as result causing chest pain or heart attack. The patience of this disease are advice to inhibit  taking high weight, eating more cholesterol es substances and taking more stress. 

Liver functions and importance by Mudduki

Where liver occur liver

Liver occur in abdomen on the right side and on the top.  It is largest organ of our body and also it is vital organ of our bod. There are more than 500 function of our liver. 

Parts of the liver 

There are four lobs of the  liver as shown below

1-Right lobe 

2-light lobe

3-Caudate lobe

4-Guadrate lobe

5-Coronary ligament

Liver weight

The weight of the liver is about 1.5 kg in the abdomen.

Doctor advice 

If someone is the patient of the liver disease then doctor advice him to used the low foods such as lower energy foods so that there will be no need to control the liver disease because of the low eating. Liver function is more pivotal to our body if any disturbance occur in our liver our whole body is disturbed by this disease.

Functions of liver

There are following functions of the liver

1-Metabolic function

Proteins

Carbohydrate 

Fats

Vitamin 

Storage functions of the liver 

Vitamin A, B 12,D

Iron folic acid

Glycogen amino acid

The food we eat every day should be stored in some place so liver is the exactly that place where this energy is stored.

Synthetic functions

In our body should be a organ for the synthesis of specific things such as shown below

Glucose 

Protein

1-Plasma protein

2-Clotting factor

3-Hormone binding protein 

Steroid

All these nutrients are syntheses are by the liver and all of these are  pivotal for the body health.

Secreting functions

 Liver secret 

1-bile which is the important for the digestion and absorption of the food.

Liver Excretion

All things we eat and receive energy and for other other purposes. This is nature rule that every thing waste something for example from plants 

Plants undergoes to photosynthesis and produce water as the product of the photosynthesis and realse CO 2 as a waste product same as there are some things that must be undergoes to the excretion for example

1-Liver removes bacteria 

2-Liver removes virus 

3-Liver removes Toxins

4-Metals like arsenic, bismuth and lead

5- Bile pigment and cholesterol

All these things are dangerous or harmful for our body so liver excrete all these things from our body. Liver kill all these things with the help of the bile.  Bacteria are present in our food which we daily used if liver does not pay their rule then we can ill.

Heat production 

Liver also produce heat through the metabolism of the carbohydrate, proteins,  fats and the vitamins. Liver is the largest organ of our body which produce heat for different purposes that occur in our body. Heat quantity is more important for the purposes of the maintenance in different environments.

Hemopoetic function of the Liver

When we have not born at this time our liver is in active from and prepare the blood for our body.

1-In fetus liver produce blood cells

2-B 12 and folic acid for erythrocytes

3-Iron for hemoglobin

4-And promotes plat elates production

5-Red blood cells after 120 days of life span destroy in liver

Hemoglobin is the protein which is used for the clotting of the blood cells if an injury occur and in this case blood lost and in this time hemoglobin clot the blood  and in this way blood is saved So this protein is important protein.

In activation of drugs and hormones

Liver can inactivates the drugs and hormones.

It can also convert fat soluble medicines  to water soluble.

And can also inactive growth hormone such as growth hormone, insulin and the estrogen hormones.

Defense functions of the liver

1- Liver can kills the microorganisms such as bacteria

2-Viruses

3-Toxins

It also protect us from different disease and keep our health good. So liver is an important organ of our body.

Legs and ankle swollen by mudduki

 What is leg swollen?

it is increase in the weight of the legs muscles and apparently they looked so big in the normal size.

Causes of swollen

There are its many causes few of them are describe below such as when we kept our legs below than our other parts for more times in some conditions such as keeping the legs below when we are sitting on the chair, tables  or on the disk for a long period then swollen can cause on our legs.

Benefits of the walking

Some peoples do not walk and all the times sit and remain busy  so their legs gets swollen and they fell legs pain.These peoples do not like to walk or to do some work so they often face the problem of the legs swollen.

Why legs become swollen?

There are many reasons for this when we does not walk and all the time sit on the chair or on the table then all the blood goes to the legs and does not go back to other parts of the body and start storing there. And these stored blood in the legs block the arteries and vein of the legs and as a result we fell pain and can face the problem of the swollen.

There are more other causes such as if we wear the tight socks or other things can cause the swollen of the legs. In these cases when we remove the tight socks from the foot and legs result in the form of the swollen and then we face the problem of the swollen.  

Treatment of the swollen legs 

There are some treatments shown below such as 

We should to walk at least one hour in a day other wise we can also the prey of the legs swollen.  We do not should to sit on the chair more than two hour without walking. We do not should to become a lazy person and all the time take rest on the chair we should to walk for some.

Swollen on the ankle or on the feet

There are many its causes but more common are due to the any injury or sprained ankle. The swollen can also cause due to the fracture in the foot or in the ankle. The swollen can also cause due to the any injury in the leg or ankle or foot.

There is another main reason pregnancy due to pregnancy blood pressure is rised and arteries and veins are blocked. So these can cause swollen. Preclapsia is a pregnancy complication in which high blood pressure and the protein development in the start of the 20 week  of the pregnancy or suddenly after the birth of the baby can also cause the swollen of the legs.

Venous insufficiency

Venous insufficiency is the condition in which blood moves adequately from legs up ward to the heart and other parts of the body.

Nerve problems

There are also chance of the  swollen  due to the nerve problems in the nerves present in the foot and legs.

Lymph edema

Lymph edema is a condition on which lymphatic fluid gather in the tissues as a result of which lymph vessels become swelled.

Heart disease

Kidney disease 

Liver disease cirrhosis

Wearing ill fitting shoes

Sedentary life style

Common cause of the swollen

The more common cause of swilling is the side effect of the medication such as given below Medication for blood pressure (Amlodipine/ Nifedipine) can also cause swollen and also the pain of the feet and legs.

Medication for diabetic (pioglitazone/rosiglitazone) can also cause swollen and also the pain of the feet and legs.

Medication for depression (Anti Depressants) can also cause swollen and also the pain of the feet and legs.

Pain killers (N S AIDS) can also cause swollen and also the pain of the feet and legs.

Hormonal drugs steroids can also cause swollen and also the pain of the feet and legs.

jumping is also main cause of swollen and also the pain of the feet and legs.

Standing all the time on your foot can also cause swollen and also the pain of the feet and legs.

Sitting all the time on your legs can also cause swollen and also the pain of the feet and legs and sitting in this pattern that your foot will under your legs can result of the swollen. 

Small and large Intestine disease

There are many parts of our body  which are involve in the process of our digestion  all parts posses their own importance but now we will discus only the process of digestion in the intestines and their  problems like their disease.

Process of digestion 

Process of digestion starts when we take something in to our mouth first of all our teeth breakdown and chew all this food in to small pieces with the help of teeth and then this food become liquid with the help of tongue which produces mucous for the inhalation of the food in to the esophagus.

Esophagus 

Esophagus is tube which take food from the tongue and transfer it into the stomach where further digestion takes place.

-Digestion in to the Stomach

Digestion in to the Stomach begins when food receive to the stomach. Our stomach release a chemical called as gastric juice. This gastric juice is  specific juice which kill the microorganisms present in our food and also further break down our food in to very small pieces. This gastric juice is mixed in tom our food with the help of contraction of walls of the stomach. This mixed food is then transfer in to the small intestine for further process. 

Parts of small intestine 

1-Duodenum

2-jejunum

3-ileum

These  all are parts of the small intestine. Now we will discuss their functions one by one below.

Small intestine first part is duodenum food after passing through  the stomach enter in to the  Duodenum which is the first part of the small intestine and then food enter in to the jejunum which is the second part of the small intestine after passing the food through the jejunum it enter in to the another part which is the called as ileum this (ileum is the last part of the small intestine.   

Large intestine or colon

Large intestine consists following parts such as given below

1-Cecum

2-Ascending colon

3-Transverse colon

4-Descending colon

5-Sigmoid colon

6-Rectum

7-Anal canal

All of these parts of the large intestine we will discuss one by one.

1-Cecum

First part is cecum is first part of the large intestine and it is about 6 cm long dilated region.

2-Ascending colon

The second part of the large intestine is ascending colon this part start after the ending of the cecum. And it is about the 10 to 20 cm long in the length.

Transverse colon

Transverse colon is the third part of the large intestine. This is located in front  of the duodenum stomach and spleen.

Descending colon

It occurs after the transverse colon and it ends after the Sigmoid colon.

Sigmoid colon

Next part of the large intestine is the sigmoid colon this is called sigmoid colon because it is s shaped.

Rectum

Next part of the large intestine is rectum. It is 13 cm long in length. it starts from Sigmoid colon and end at anal canal.

Anal canal

The next part of the large intestine is anal canal and it is 3.6 cm in length and it is also last part of the large intestine. The waste material pass from this and out from the body. 

There are some disease which cases due to disturbance in the process of the digestion such as 

Constipation

Constipation is the disease which causes because of the more absorption of the water from the food during passing from the large intestine. Due to constipation waste material become thick like a stone and causes difficulty during passing from the anus.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is the opposite condition of the constipation in which less water is absorbed from the food during passing from the large intestine. And as a result liquid waste material is removed from the anus during urination.

 

Skeletal disease

 Thickness  of our bones 

Our bone thickness tops when we are youthful grown-ups, commonly between the ages of 25 and 30. From that point, as we keep on maturing, our bones step by step lose thickness. Be that as it may, there are ways of combating this normal deficiency of bone mass -, for example, nutrients and minerals, meds like estrogen substitution treatment, and strength-preparing and weight-bearing activities.

All in all, what are the most well-known sicknesses or issues that influence the bones? The following are 10 you'll need to keep away from if conceivable:

 Osteoporosis,

  Osteoporosis, in which low thickness implies the bones are fragile and frail and inclined to break, is by a long shot the most widely recognized bone illness without any problem. It presently influences 44 million - or around half of all - Americans matured 50 and more established. Osteoporosis strikes a greater number of ladies than men, and even youngsters might be in danger of creating adolescent osteoporosis.

 Bone thickness issues might happen on the grounds that the body loses an excess of bone tissue, makes excessively tad of it, or a blend of both. It will in general be symptom-less. That is, individuals with osteoporosis tend not to realize they have it - until a bone crack makes them visit a specialist who makes the conclusion.

We generally measure the state of our bones by its thickness or "bone mass." A bone mineral thickness (B M D) screening, for instance, can assist a doctor with recognizing the calcium content of bones - and in this manner how solid our bones are.

Paget's Disease

 This is a bone problem where the bone restoration process (redesigning) happens excessively fast, prompting bone disfigurements (delicate, broadened bones, for example, of the spine, pelvis, skull, and the long bones of the thighs and lower leg). Paget's illness will in general happen in white grown-ups beyond 55 a years old might have a genetic part.

Bone Infection

Also called osteomyelitis, disease of bone tissue is an uncommon however significant condition. It can happen following a medical procedure, like a hip substitution, or may spread to the bones from one more piece of the body. Torment, expanding, and redness are normal side effects of a bone contamination, and anti-microbial s are a typical part of treatment. Now and again, bits of the contaminated bone might should be carefully eliminated.

Composition of bones

The human body contains 206 bones. Bones are living tissue, very much like the wide range of various pieces of our bodies and, in that capacity, are continually going through a pattern of recharging. More seasoned bone tissue is supplanted with recently framed bone tissue in a cycle called renovating. Similar as the renovating of a home, our skeletal construction is built up so we can rely upon it all through our lives.

Osteonecrosis: 

Without blood, bone tissue kicks the bucket, an infection called osteonecrosis. Generally speaking, it happens as the consequence of injury deep down that disturbs blood stream deep down - like a hip crack. Drawn out high-portion steroid use can likewise cause this sort of bone cell demise. When the bone tissue passes on, the bone debilitates and falls. Torment that steadily deteriorates may show osteonecrosis.

Gout

The joints are bizarrely impacted in individuals who foster gout, a typical issue in which overabundance uric corrosive gems gather in the joints, causing strange expanding, torment, and redness. The enormous toe is commonly perceptibly enlarged, yet side effects may likewise happen in different joints, including the lower leg, foot, or knee. Gout might happen because of your eating regimen, or on the other hand on the off chance that your kidneys are not as expected handling uric corrosive.

Osteoarthritis

 An ongoing degenerative joint infection, osteoarthritis is the most well-known sort of joint pain, with multiple million Americans analyzed every year. Osteoarthritis happens when the ligament that goes about as a pad between bones separates and the bones rub together, causing torment, irritation, and solidness.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

 Rheumatoid joint pain is a constant, immunodeficiency jumble in which the safe framework erroneously goes after the body's tissues, like the joints in the hands and feet. Dissimilar to the mileage harm that happens with osteoarthritis, RA influences the covering of your joints, causing an excruciating enlarging that can ultimately bring about bone disintegration and joint deformation.

Bone Tumors

Bone cancers happen when the uncontrolled development of cells happens inside bone. These growths can be harmless or dangerous, albeit harmless (noncancerous) bone growths that don't encroach on other bone tissue and don't spread are more normal.

Scoliosis

 This condition, wherein the bones of the spine bend strangely to the left or right, generally strikes only preceding adolescence. There are roughly 3 million scoliosis analysis made every year in the US, albeit most cases are gentle. Now and again, the spinal distortions deteriorate with time. Its objective is obscure, albeit an innate part is thought.

Low Bone Densit

 Also called osteopenia, it is analyzed when an individual's bone thickness is lower than it ought to be. Low bone thickness can prompt osteoporosis, which causes breaks, torment, and a stooped appearance. It means quite a bit to roll out the improvements important to work on bone thickness in the event that you are determined to have osteopenia.

To more deeply study how we can assist with treating fragile bones and bone thickness issues to assist you with staying away from breaks, call Total Orthopedic Care at (954) 735-3535. To plan an arrangement, call or utilize our safe internet based arrangement demand structure.

Tongue disease

What is Tongue?

The tongue is made by muscles which lie opposite the floor of mouth which then go to the pharynx. We can eat and also speak with the help of a thing called as Tongue. Usually tongue is used to eat  different things. This is also used to speak something. There is main involvement of tongue because it posses a saliva which is used during the process of grinding in the mouth of every thing. This saliva posses the mucous and this mucous is used for the purpose of grinding of the different foods in the mouth. Our tongue is attached to the jaw of our mouth.

Importance of saliva 

This saliva is used for the grinding of the food in the mouth.In the absence of this saliva the food is not grinned  accurately and then this food will go to the stomach and then results in the form of diarrhea and some times this cause also constipation and other disease such as heart attack, high blood pressure, vomiting and other such disease.

Importance of Tongue

The tongue is not only present in the  human but it is also present in many other animals etc. This is used to chew and swallow the food. Our tongue move against the movement of our plate. 

Structure of Tongue

Our tongue is made up of the muscles which lie opposite the floor of mouth. Our tongue posses different coverings and its outer covering is made up of the mucous. Its upper part posses tiny papillae.

Tiny papillae 

The uper part of the tongue is made up of the tiny papillae. This is small dots which is used to provide the tongue with its texture. And these papillae posses the small taste buds which provide the taste to the eating food during the period of chew and eating.

Composition of papillae buds

According to the survey of doctors and physiologists there are 2.000-8,000 buds in the human tongue. 

Types of the  papillae buds 

There are different types of the papillae which are shown below in this article. Taste bud posses different types of the cells which become activate in the presence of different types of the flavors of the foods. These types of buds are different from each other on the base of the their shape, taste buds and their function. 

Occurrence of the papillae buds

These buds as are different from each other because of their function so they occur in the different arr ease. 

Signs of tongue problem

There are many signs of tongue problems such as mentioned below

Tongue pain

Inability to eat something

Difficulty in speaking 

Bed breathing 

And alternation in color of tongue.

Causes  of tongue problems

There are many factors on which these disease depends some of these are explained below such as.

Infection 

Sometimes you can feel tongue pain due to the infections such as bacteria, fungi, and other germs. Ans in this case antibiotic is given to the patient. 

Nutritional diseases

If you does not used those vitamins which are necessary to you and your body then their is the chance of the tongue pain which you can face. In this case you should to improve your diet and taking these necessary vitamins results in the form of good and healthy tongue.  

Hormonal alternations

Hormonal alternations can results during the period of pregnancy and can cause the disease of the tongue. These are more dangerous conditions and these depends upon the patients. So in these conditions patients should to protect

yourselves. 

Trauma

Trauma can cause the pain of the tongue. trauma is the injury which can occur suddenly by yourself or by other some one so in all condition you can face the tongue pain. In all these conditions you should to protect yourself from the infection of different germs.  

Names of tongue diseases

1-Oral cancer

2-Black hairy tongue

3-Oral thrush

4-Burning mouth syndrome

5-Glottis

Madduki Hepatitis symptoms and causes

What is Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver in which liver does not work correctly and instead of creating blood it starts creating water.

Actually hepatitis result when liver is totally destroy and start making water instead of blood. In early days patient remain normal and does not feel any symptoms but after a few days patient start showing some symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, fewer, fatigue, pain and other such symptoms are so common in the hepatitis patient. of over consumption of alcohol , various health problems can all cause this condition. Although  viral infections are the most usual reason of hepatitis.

Viral Hepatitis

From a large time  hepatitis results from hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A, B, C, and D are disease to the different countries such as United States with hepatitis A, B, and C viruses causing 35% of severe viral hepatitis in the United States.

There are so many types of hepatitis but in this article we will discus only three types of hepatitis such as hepatitis A hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

Hepatitis A 

Hepatitis A is a type of hepatitis occur due to a virus called as virus A. It is commonly occur in the most elevated fixation in the stool of contaminated people with the best popular burden shedding happening during the finish of the hatching time frame.

 Causes of hepatitis A

Commonly hepatitis A occur due to a virus known as virus A. It is all the more normally experienced in agricultural nations where because of neediness and absence of disinfection, there is a higher opportunity of waste oral spread.

Global travel

 Global travel is the main gamble factor recognized from the cases detailed in the United States. Individuals who interact with tainted people are additionally in danger, and the auxiliary disease rate for family contacts is around 20%, which may likewise assume a more noticeable part in the upkeep of hepatitis A virus.

Hepatitis B

 Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus and is a part of the virus family. The construction of the viral center is nucleoside, hepatitis B center antigen which encompasses hepatitis B infection DNA, and DNA polymerase.

Causes of hepatitis B

There are many types of its causes but some of these are mentioned their.

1-Some one that does not used sterile instruments can cause the patient of hepatitis B.

2-If you are bitten by someone with the infection.

3-If you born to a pregnant woman associated with this infection.

4- Using dirty needles for drug use or other such as for taking injection.

Protection from hepatitis B

1-Embracing, clasping hands or shaking hands 

2-Eating food that somebody with the contamination has arranged.

3-Kissing on the cheek or lips.

4-Hacking or sniffling.

5-Breastfeeding.

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis  C is caused by a virus known as virus C. This is a form of hepatitis and it is less severe than the other types such as virus A and virus B.  

Causes of Hepatitis C

There are many causes of this hepatitis but most common in this type are shown below

1-Virus C

2- Uses of sharing things with one and other.

3-Uses of sheared towel

4-We should to avoid the all those things which are already used by the patient of hepatitis.

5-We also can protect yourself from the virus C which is the main cause of hepatitis type C.

Name of virus causing hepatitis

The main reason of hepatitis is virus infection in almost cases. There are different types of hepatitis causing viruses but more common are cytomegalo virus , Epstein-Barr virus, yellow-fever virus; herpes simplex viruses, chickenpox measles and mumps.

Protection of viruses

You can protect yourself from the invasion of hepatitis B with the help of vaccination. This is best method of protection against the viruses safety.

Nose and sinus problems

 

This blog is about the causes, symptoms and treatment of 

the Nose and sinus problems. After the reading of this blog you will be able to identify the causes and symptoms of Nose and sinus problems. You will also be able to treat this disease.

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Chronic sinus disorder issues

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Nose and sinus protection 

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Chronic turbinate hypertrophy

Chronic turbinate hypertrophy may be due to the reason by other conditions, such as:

Upper respiratory infection

• Acute sinus infection include
• 1-Allergic rhinitis
• 2-Non-allergic rhinitis
• 3-chronic rhinosinusitis
• 4-Hormonal changes
• 5-medications
• 
  
• Deviated septum

In case to treat turbinate hypertrophy disease, an E N T physician will think the reason. An in-office physical examination and as well as imaging scans can be required. On the based of the etiology idea, the E NT will described cure position. Commonly this is cured with medicines although surgery can be recommended to lower the turbinate and reject any nasal difficulty.

Cure idea

If you are experiencing any of the signs explained above, please scheme an appointment with us today so we can think the underlying reason and create a cure idea. 

Importance of hair in the nose

The hair present in the nasal cavity protect us from the infection that are present in the air and in the water so we should to protect it rather it to remove them from the nose.

Function of hair in the nose

The function of hair in the nose is to filter the air which passes from our nose. The air passes from our nose posses

many particles and bacteria as well as other things. So it protects us not harm us.

Removal of hair from nose

Some people remove hair from their nose to look beautiful.

But they soon become prey of the respiratory diseases.

Involvement of  bone of nose

There is the large involvement of the bone of the nose. Some people posses the large size of the bone of the nose and the some people posses the small size of the bone of the nose. The effect of the bone of nose is not rare in peoples but in some people the size of bone of nose is large so in this case we should to remove it through the operation.

Operate of large bone of nose

 operate in the people having large size of bone is the only option for the patient to treat it from this disease. Now a days this method is more common in all the patients of the large size of the nose.